Technology of processing organic waste into complex humic fertilizers and equipment for its implementation

MASHGEO LLC has developed a highly efficient, high-performance and low-cost technology for processing organic waste (sewage sludge, chicken, pig manure, cattle manure, alcohol and sugar production waste, lignosulfanates, etc.), peat and sapropel into complex humic fertilizers.

The developed technology and equipment make it possible to design (create) highly effective complex fertilizers for specified types of soils in accordance with their agrochemical analysis and for specified types of cultivated crops (seeAppendix 1 ).

Advantages of produced humic fertilizers:

they are an organic substance;
not susceptible to overdose
they are not washed out of the soil during irrigation and rainfall;
increase the activity of plant cells;
contain a special composition of trace elements;
Provide increased frost resistance of plants;
they increase the germination of plants by 2-3 times;
eliminate phenolic intoxication of the soil;
nitrates are converted into safe nitro compounds..

Fertilizers can be produced in the form of a paste-like concentrate and in the form of granules. They are not susceptible to overdose, increase the activity of the plant cell, contain a special composition of trace elements, increase the frost resistance of plants, eliminate phenolic intoxication of the soil and convert nitrates into safe nitro compounds.

At the same time, the developed technology makes it possible to give fertilizers additional other useful properties.

The equipment for processing organic waste into complex humic fertilizers consists of two main blocks.

In the first block, organic waste is decontaminated by destroying pathogenic microflora, helminths, viruses, etc., destruction of antibiotics, activation of fulvic acids and humic acids.

In the second block, the fertilizer is constructed by mechanochemical activation, the absorption of heavy metals by humic acids with the formation of water-insoluble (chelated) humic compounds.

The equipment occupies a small area, can have a mobile design, is easily scaled and can be produced with a capacity of 2,5,10,15 and 20 tons of fertilizers per hour.

Appendices:

Examples of soil types and agricultural crops to which the resulting humic fertilizers are applicable;
Chemical analysis of humic fertilizers produced from silty waste water residues;
Sample of the composition of raw materials for the production of humic fertilizers.

Appendix 1

Examples of soil types and agricultural crops to which the resulting humic fertilizers are applicable

Soil types

Alluvial turf soils

Alluvial soils

Anthropogenic soils

Sod-podzolic soils

Turf soils

Yellowlands

Chestnut soils

Brown soils

Carbonate soils

Krasnozems

Meadow-chernozem soils

Podzolic soils

Serozem

Grey forest soils

Weakly podzolic soils

Malt

Solontsy

Terra Rosa

Chernozems

Types of agricultural crops

Any types of agricultural crops, for example, fruit, shrubs, cereals, melons, etc.

Appendix 2

Chemical analysis of humic fertilizers produced from silty waste water residues

1. Liquid fertilizer

No. in order	The name of the defined product indicators	Units of measure	Actual value	The method used
1	Mass fraction of dry substances	grams per litre	7,2-9,2	In weight
2	Mass fraction of organic matter per dry product, not less than	%	40,0-50,0	In weight
3	Indicator of the activity of hydrogen ions of salt extraction	pH	8,9	potentiometry
4	Mass fraction of calcium, in terms of CaO	grams per litre	0,02	titrometry
5	Mass fraction of magnesium, in terms of MgO	grams per litre	0.0005 or more	titrometry
6	Mass fraction of total nitrogen per dry substance	grams per litre	2.5 and more at least 2.5	Kjeldahl 's method
7	Mass fraction of phosphorus in terms of P2O5 per dry substance	grams per litre	2 or more at least 2.0	photometry
8	Mass fraction of total potassium in terms of K2O	grams per litre	1.56-2.5 and more	ionometry
9	Mass fraction of nitrate nitrogen	mg/l	850,0-950.0 and more	ionometry

2. Paste-like concentrate

No. in order	The name of the defined product indicators	Units of measure	Actual value	The method used
1	Mass fraction of moisture, min	%	70	In weight
2	Mass fraction of organic matter per dry product, not less than	%	54,6 or more	In weight
3	Indicator of the activity of hydrogen ions of salt extraction	pH	8,0	potentiometry
4	Mass fraction of calcium, in terms of CaO	%	3,08	titrometry
5	Mass fraction of magnesium, in terms of MgO	%	0,52 or more	titrometry
6	Mass fraction of total nitrogen per dry substance	%	2,05 or more	Kjeldahl 's method
7	Mass fraction of phosphorus in terms of P2O5 per dry substance	%	1,10 or more	photometry
8	Mass fraction of total potassium in terms of K2O	%	1,1 or more	ionometry
9	Mass fraction of nitrate nitrogen	mg/kg	650,0 and more	ionometry

3. Granular fertilizer

No. in order	The name of the defined product indicators	Units of measure	Actual value	The method used
1	Mass fraction of moisture, min	%	13	In weight
2	Mass fraction of organic matter per dry product, not less than	%	70	In weight
3	Indicator of the activity of hydrogen ions of salt extraction	pH	7,5	potentiometry
4	Mass fraction of calcium, in terms of CaO	%	3,5	titrometry
5	Mass fraction of magnesium, in terms of MgO	%	0,6	titrometry
6	Mass fraction of total nitrogen per dry substance	%	3,0	Kjeldahl 's method
7	Mass fraction of phosphorus in terms of P2O5 per dry substance	%	2.0 and more	photometry
8	Mass fraction of total potassium in terms of K2O	%	2.0 and more	ionometry
9	Mass fraction of nitrate nitrogen	mg/kg	700	ionometry

Приложение 3

Sample of the composition of raw materials for the production of humic fertilizers

Name of the component	% content
Complexes	0,2
Sewage sludge*	92,8
Peat	7

*Chicken manure, cattle manure and pig manure may be added.

The effect of organic fertilizers

Improving the physical characteristics of the soil (soil structure, water accumulation, ventilation, soil temperature);
Changes in the chemical characteristics of the soil (accumulation of nutrients, delivery of nutrients from nutrient humus and mineral soil reserves, temporary immobilization of nitrogen;
Changes in the biological characteristics of the soil (microbiological saturation, diversity and activity);
The effect of active substances on plants (growth stimulants, resistance, inhibitors).

Evaluation of organic fertilizers Purpose of organic fertilizers:

Introduction of organic substances into the soil to improve the structure of the soil, maintain the existing level of humus, supply the flora and fauna of the soil with easily accessible organic nutrients;
Introducing nutrients into the soil and improving the availability of nutrients;
Introduction of alkaline substances into the soil (calcium supply) (only compost and sewage sludge with stabilized calcium).

Evaluation of organic fertilizers Evaluation criteria

Organic matter content;
Degree of decomposition of organic substances;
C:N ratio (microbiologically digestible C, mineralization rate, availability N / immobilization N);
The content of nutrients required by plants (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Si, CI, B, Mo);
No harmful substances (heavy metals, organic toxins);
Hygienic safety (parasites, pathogens, allergens, etc.);
Homogeneous composition;
Simple and economical application to the soil.

Average organic matter content

Organic fertilizers	Dry weight (%)	Organic substances (%)
Organic fertilizers	Dry weight (%)	in a fresh mass	In the dry mass
Cereal straw	86	82	95
Corn straw	86	80	93
Green fertilizers	15	14	81
Sugar beet tops	15	13	77
Compost from biological waste and greenery	50	20	40
Liquid manure	7,5	4,5	63
Stall manure	29	23	82
Sewage sludge, liquid	5	2,3	46
Condensed sewage sludge	34	12,5	37

Ratio C:N allows us to conclude about the content of microbiologically digestible carbon in the soil. A wide spread of C:N leads to temporary fixation of N in the soil (immobilization of N).

Average nutrient content

Organic fertilizers	Content in % TM
Organic fertilizers	N	Р	К	Са	Mg	S
Cereal straw	0,6	0,2	1,4	0,3	0,1	0,1
Corn straw	1,5	0,2	2,4	0,4	0,2	0,1
Green fertilizers
Fodder rapeseed/fodder beet	2,7	0,4	2,6	1,6	0,2	0,3
Clover	5,5	0,6	5,0	0,6	0,4	0,4
Sugar beet tops	2,3	0,1	2,9	1,2	0,4	0,3
Compost from biological waste	1,5	0,4	1,0	3,0	0,5	0,7
Compost of greenery	1,2	0,2	0,8	3,7	0,5	0,6
Liquid manure (cattle)	9,7	0,8	5,9	1,7	0,7	0,6
Liquid manure (pigs)	8,7	2,4	6,3	3,3	1,2	0,8
Stall manure (cattle)	2,8	0,9	2,6	2,2	0,7	0,5
Stall manure (pigs)	3,0	2,8	4,6	3,9	1,5	0,6
Stall manure (broilers)	4,7	4,7	2,6	2,4	0,7	0,6
Sewage sludge	4,3	2,1	0,4	8,0	0,5	0,7

The introduction of nutrients into the soil by organic fertilizers compared to the consumption of nutrients by plants

	Dry weight in *quintals/heyear**	Introduction of nutrients *in kg/heyear**
	Dry weight in *quintals/heyear**	N	Р	K	Са	Mg	S
Cereal straw	70	42	14	98	21	7	7
Corn straw	110	165	22	264	44	22	11
Green fertilizers
Fodder rapeseed/fodder beet	55	149	22	143	88	11	17
Clover	50	275	30	250	30	20	20
Sugar beet tops	75	173	8	218	90	30	23
Compost from biological waste	100	150	40	100	300	50	70
Compost of greenery	100	120	20	80	370	50	60
Liquid manure (cattle)	10	97	8	59	17	7	6
Liquid manure (pigs)	10	87	24	63	33	12	8
Stall manure (cattle)	25	70	23	65	55	18	13
Stall manure (pigs)	25	75	70	115	98	38	15
Stall manure (broilers)	25	118	118	65	60 134	18	15
Sewage sludge	16,7	72	35	7	134 (7-568)	8	12
	Yield in quintals/he	Average consumption of nutrients by plants in kg/he*year
Winter wheat (grain)	80	160	28	40	4	10	9
Winter rapeseed (grain)	35	116	27	29	4	11	14
Sugar beet	600	108	24	126	25	30	36

Trace elements

	The content of trace elements in mg/kg dry masses
	Fe	Mn	Zn	Cu	В	Mo
Cereal straw	45	30	20	3	3	0,3
Corn straw	50	40	23	9	5	0,5
Green fertilizers
Fodder rapeseed/fodder beet	218	120	20	8	22	0,3
Clover	147	50	43	10	18	0,6
Meadow grass	97	46	32	7	5	0,2
Sugar beet tops	593	168	66	12	31	0,8
Compost from biological waste	10883	433	202	60	22	2
Compost of greenery		516	171	41	21	2
Liquid manure (cattle)	1244	285	225	54	31	2
Liquid manure (pigs)	2661	528	864	225	44	6
Stall manure (cattle)	1467	235	144	34	25	1,3
Stall manure (pigs)	2148	240	491	213	21	2
Stall manure (broilers)	1269	536	377	112	52	5
Sewage sludge	41498	470	917 1	328	39	6

	Dry weight in *quintals/heyear**	Introduction of nutrients *in kg/heyear**
	Dry weight in *quintals/heyear**	Fe	Mn	Zn	Cu	В	Мо
Cereal straw	70	\| 315	210	140	21	21	2
Corn straw	110	550	440	253	99	55	6
Green fertilizers
Fodder rapeseed/fodder beet	55	1199	660	110	44	121	2
Clover	50	735	250	215	50	90	3
Meadow grass		485	230	160	35	25	1
Sugar beet tops	75	4448	1260	495	90	233	6
Compost from biological waste	100	108830	4330	2020	600	220	20
Compost of greenery	100	119910	5160	1710	410	210	20
Liquid manure (cattle)	10	1244	285	225	54	31	2
Liquid manure (pigs)	10	2661	528	864	225	44	6
Stall manure (cattle)	25	3668	588	360	85	63	3
Stall manure (pigs)	25	5370	600	1228	533	53	5
Stall manure (broilers)	25	3173	1340	943	280	130	13
Sewage sludge	16,7	69302	785	1531	548	65	10
	Yield in quintals/he	*Average consumption of nutrients by plants in kg/heyear**
Winter wheat (grain)	80	138	144	179	34	58	3
Winter rapeseed (grain)	35	188	102	108	13	70	12
Sugar beet	600	593	469	373	102	204	2

The introduction of trace elements into the soil by organic fertilizers in comparison with the consumption of trace elements by plants